Sensor Basics: CMOS Image Sensors, Pixel Size, Effective Pix
The camera module is composed of many important parts. In addition to the lens, we also pay special attention to the #sensor. 💭
CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor), which is a complementary metal oxide semiconductor, is a semiconductor that can record changes in light. It mainly uses semiconductors made of silicon and germanium, so that N-type and P-type semiconductors coexist on CMOS. This The current generated by the two complementary effects can be recorded and interpreted by the processing sensor as an image. 🔎 🔎 🔎
#cmos image sensor (CMOS imager Sensor), referred to as CIS, is an image sensor using CMOS technology, an image sensing element manufactured using the principle of photoelectric technology.
💨 #pixel is the smallest photosensitive unit of the image sensor. The pixel array is arranged together to form the photosensitive area of the image sensor.
💨 #PixelSize refers to the size of a single photosensitive element of the image sensor. Generally, we can see two expressions, such as 1.12um or 1.12um*1.12um. The larger the size of the pixel, the more photons it receives and the more charge it generates under the same lighting conditions and exposure time.
💨 #Effectivepixels (Number of effective pixels) refer to the pixels in the CIS that can perform effective photoelectric conversion and output image signals. It is an important technical indicator for measuring CIS. For example, Sony's classic CIS-IMX586 has an effective pixel of 8000 (H) × 6000 (V), which means that the number of horizontal pixels is 8000 and the number of vertical pixels is 6000. Multiplying the two numbers is 48 million, also known as 48M Or 48MP. M and MP are the abbreviations of #Megapixel.
💨#opticalsize, we often see a fraction of a Sensor, which actually means the size of the CMOS image sensor. This size refers to the target surface size of the sensor, mainly by calculating the target surface of the sensor. Diagonal length, then convert it into inches, such as the common 1 inch (1"), 1/2 inch (1/2"), 1/4 inch (1/4"), etc.
💨 #Framerate (Frame Rate) represents the number of pictures recorded or played per unit time. The frame rate per second represents the number of times the graphics sensor can update per second when processing the field. The higher the number of frames, the smoother the picture displayed. For example, Samsung's HP1 has a frame rate of 30fps @8K, which means that the sensor can record 8K video at 30fps.
💨 #CRAangle: From the sensor side of the lens, the maximum angle at which light can be focused onto the pixel is defined as the Chief Ray Angle (CRA), also called the chief ray incident angle. The lens axis is close to zero degrees, and the greater the distance from the axis, the greater the angle. CRA is related to the position of the pixel on the sensor. If the CRA of the lens is smaller than the CRA of the sensor, there will definitely be a color cast.
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